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by Dwight for infringement of patent between 1690 and 1700. Earthenware, as now understood, originated with Wedgwood and his contemporaries (c. 1770), who changed the buff body coated with white slip or tin enamel for a body white throughout. The next fifty years were the high watermark of English pottery. Wedgwood also produced Jasper ware, an unglazed but impermeable body made from plastic clay and barytes, fired almost to trans- lucence, and coloured with metallic oxides. PORCELAIN is divided into hard porcelain and soft porcelain or china. The hard porcelain takes a natural felspathic or pegmatite glaze, and the latter a softer artificial one. The best known hard variety is the Berlin ware, which consists of 55 per cent, clay substance, 22.5 per cent, quartz, 22.5 per cent, felspar. The limits of safety in hard porcelain are : Clay 40-66 per cent., quartz 12-40 per cent, spar 15-30 per cent., calcium carbonate 0-6 per cent. Soft Porcelain includes the artificial (sometimes called French or frit) porcelain, Seger porcelain, and bone china. Artificial Porcelain resulted from an attempt to re- produce Chinese ware, which came to Europe in the 15th century. Venice Claims to have made it in 1519, and ware made at Florence in 1575 is yet extant. It was also manu- factured at Rouen in 1673, and in England, at Stratford-le- Bow or Chelsea, in 1730. (Worcester, which still survives, was founded in 1751). Chemically, artificial porcelain is a